1.      Flannel graph or Flannel Board:

-         Good medium for displaying

-         Prepared cuttings

-         Simple to handle & operate

-         Nominal Cost

-         No writing or drawing

How to make flannel board or graph:

-         Size 3 X 2 feet or 4 X 3 feet

-         Stretched between battens or fastened to two rollers & hung up vertically

-         Rough side should face the class.

-         Mainly white colour is used.

How to use flannel graph or board:

-         Good collection of pictures

-         Well cut diagrams

-         Used again & again

Educational Values

-         Time saving

-         Number of Scientific inventions can be shown through pictures

-         Very economical

-         Simple device (no need of skill development & training)

-         Active Participation

-         Important
& forceful aid because of its appeal & innovative use

2.      Bulletin Board or Wall Magazine:

-         Essential part of laboratory

-         Develops Scientific atmosphere

-         Good teaching aid

How to make a bulletin board?

-         Size of a blackboard or bigger according to the wall size

-         Prepared using straw board or rubber sheets or cork sheets (1 / 4 inch thickness)

How to use it?

1.                  For displaying

-         Newspaper cutting

-         Pictures

-         Cartoons

-         Diagrams etc

2.                  Material Collection

Teacher and student both jointly can collect material and display

3.                  Educational Value:

-         Students as incharge

-         Teacher as guide

4.                  Material Displayed

-         Large enough

-         Suitable headings

-         No overcrowding

-         Frequent change is desirable

-         Activities of the school science club

-         Serve as a wall magazine of Science club

-         Excel bulletin board activities may be awarded prizes

3.      Periodic Table:

Need of Periodic table:

-         Classification of elements based on properties  - physical properties of the elements, chemical properties of the elements

-         Classification of elements based on electronic configuration

Objectives of Teaching Periodic Table:

-         To develop understanding of classification of elements

-         To explain the basis on which the modern periodic table is constructed

-         To develop the concept of periodicity & graduation in the properties of elements

-         To describe the various blocks of elements in terms of the type of orbital occupied by electrons