Question Bank

1

Waymade College of Education, V. V. Nagar

B.Ed. Course Question Bank

Paper - V Science Method

1. What do you understand by general & specific objectives? Differentiate between them. Give appropriate Example.

2. State objectives of teaching Science in 21^st century.

3. Differentiate between 'aims' and 'objectives' of Science teaching.

4. How can the Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives be used in the formation of objectives of teaching Science?

6. What is lesson - planning? Discuss the importance of lesson - planning at school teaching for a teacher.

7. What do you understand by unit - planning? How is it different from lesson planning? Discuss with illustration.

8. What are the features / components / elements of a lesson plan? Explain in detail.

9. What are the advantages & disadvantages of lesson plan?

10. Prepare a lesson plan on any topic of Physics / Chemistry / Biology of standard VIII, IX & X.

11. List the advantages & drawbacks of lesson planning as well as unit - planning.

12. List the characteristics of a good lesson plan as well as a unit plan.

13. "A teaching aid, however good it may be, can not replace the teacher." Discuss.

14. List the types of teaching aids and discuss improvised teaching aids in detail with examples.

16. What are audio visual aids? How far are they useful for science teaching?

17. Discuss the need and importance of teaching aids in detail.

18. Discuss importance of a Science laboratory for a Secondary school.

19. A science laboratory for a Secondary school in which at least 25 students can be work at a time how will you manage it?

20. Describe the laboratory equipments for Secondary school students and discuss its importance with types.

21. Write briefly on a Science laboratory and try to give the detail regarding designing of Science laboratory.

22. Laboratory method is the heart of the Science teaching. Justify with its importance. List its merits and demerits?

23. State the nature of Science teaching.

24. “Lecture method is beneficial to a teacher teaching Science.” Justify this statement.

25. Write a short note on processes of teaching Science.

26. How observation & inferring process helps in teaching Science?

27. How classification & measurement process beneficial in teaching Science?

27. State the techniques of teaching science. Explain any one in detail

28. Construct a brief outline of a lesson plan based on any content point of your choice focusing constructive approach.

29. Construct a brief outline of a lesson plan based on any content point of your choice focusing participatory approach.

30. State the type of teaching aids. Discuss any one improvised teaching aid of your choice.

31. What is teaching aid? State the characteristics of preparing teaching aid.

32. What is the difference between method and technique? Illustrate it.

33. List the aims and objectives of Science and discuss in detail.

34. Select any one problem of everyday science and solve using steps of problem solving method.

35. What is problem solving? State the steps of problem solving.

36. What is project method? State the steps of project method.

37. As a Science teacher select one project based on any content point and follows the steps of project method for preparing project.

38. What are the advantages and disadvantages of project method?

39. What are the advantages & disadvantages of problem solving method?

40  What are the advantages and limitations of lecture method?

41. What is lecture method? State the characteristics of lecture method.

42. What is constructivist approach? Discuss the steps of constructivist approach.

43. Why constructivist approach is essential in Science teaching?

44. How participatory approach is fruitful in Science teaching?

45. What is the significance of teaching aids?

46. State the types of teaching aids. Explain any one teaching aids of your choice.

47. What is an improvised teaching aid? Prepare any one improvised teaching aids selecting any content point of Science.

48. Which methods are based on participatory approach? Explain the principles of participatory approach using example.

49. Select the any content point of Std IX and draw a unit plan.

50. Draw a lesson plan (Classroom interaction & specific objectives only) on any content point of your choice based on constructive approach.

51. Draw a lesson plan (Classroom interaction & specific objectives only) on any content point of your choice based on participatory approach.

Environmental Education

Environment:

Environment contains phenomenon, materials & features. It is a mixture of various elements and compounds. It is a physical & biological world where we survive. The components of environment are

1.                  physical surrounding

2.                  living organisms

3.                  Meteorological factors or climate factors

Environment is classified into

1.                  Physical or abiotic environment: It contains external physical factors like temperature, humidity, water, minerals and gases.

2.                  Living or biotic environment: It contains living creatures like plants, animals & microorganisms.

3.                  Natural environment: It contains physical & natural features like mountains, hills, valleys, basins, gases, trees, rocks & minerals,sand & soils etc.

4.                  Cultural environment: It contains Man made features like roads, railways, buildings bridges, dams etc.

Factors affecting environment:  

1. Topograhic or physiographic

Example: river, lake, sea level etc.

2. Climate

Example: light , temperature etc

3. Edaphic

Example: Lithosphere, soil etc

4. Biotic:

Example: man. Animals, plants etc

            Thus environment means what lies around us. Physical and biological world where we live. Mixture of various elements and components.

Environmental problems:

1.                  Pollution

2.                  Urbanization

3.                  Industrialization

4.                  Disasters

5.                  Deforestation

6.                  Global warming

7.                  Erosion of soil

Environmental Education: Place in curriculum & life:

1.                   Bring awareness & gives knowledge about environment

2.                   Develops skills & abilities to conserve environment

3.                   Participate in solving real environmental problems

4.                   Create positive attitude towards environment

5.                   To conserve environment

6.                   For sustainable life

7.                   Basic knowledge and understanding of environment

8.                   eco friendly dwelling

9.                   Judicious utilization of exiting resources

Definition & concept of environmental education:

1. Environmental education is the education through environment, about environment and for the environment.
2. Environment education is a process which recognizing the value and clarifies the concept. Develops skills and attitudes to understand & appreciate the inter relatedness of man his culture & his bio- physical surroundings.
3. Environmental education entails practice decision making, self formulation of a code of a behaviour, about issues concerning environment quality.
4. Environmental  education is  an activity with organized groups that are designed to develop understanding appreciating & caring for the natural environment.

Thus EE

-         acquisition of a critical understanding of human ecological principles & processes

-         Teach people about the natural world & particularly about ways in which ecosystem works

-         Perception about value of natural world & how to change environmental behaviour

-         Balanced growth & understanding of the environment

-         Harmonious living with natural resources

Creating awareness about the environment: Importance

1. Rapidly dwindling of natural resources
2. Increasing  degradation of environment by human activities
3. Advancement in technology
4. Explosive increase in human population
5. scarcity of space & food
6. Deterioration of hygienic condition
7. Global warming
8. urbanization (dirt, disease, disasters, sanitation, illhealth etc.) Industrialization (carbon dioxide, radio active nuclear wastes etc.)
9. Deforestation
10. pollution of natural resources
11. Imbalance in ecological order, pressure on natural resources  due to increase in population
12. Agricultural growth (High yielding varieties, cause soil salinity, damage physical structure of soil)
13. Rural life (Firewood, over grazing)
14. Need of ground water (safe drinking water, clean water bodies)

Nature of environmental education:

1.                  Social nature:

One man can conserve entire environment. One person action is followed by other person. People follow each other. Social activities are carried out in society to conserve the environment based on culture of society.

2.                  Dynamic nature:

Environment which our forefathers have cherished, we do not have same. This means its keep on changing. Constant change in environment because of individual needs.

3.                  Scientific Nature:

It is based on research. Based on evidence.

4.                  Complex nature:

Intense relationship between environmental components – elements. Aspect of environment is linked with one another. Solving one problem give rise to another problem. Variety of physical, biological and human activities are carried out.

5.                  Global nature:

It is universal. Not keep on telling save environment but to do something for it. It is not enough to know environment.

6.                  Practical Nature:

It is based on skills development

Techniques in teaching Science:

Techniques in teaching Science:

Technique means more or less related to process. It shows way of doing something. Inclusive of a process.

Types of techniques are:

1.                  Discussion

2.                  Observation

3.                  Demonstration

1.                  Demonstration:

Based on the principle of vision – observation. It is short & simple. Less precision & accuracy. Teach by showing. Foster better understanding. Accompany by explanation of phenomenon.

Rules / Do’s:

2.                  Practice demonstration before going to the class

3.                  Skills require like explanation, demonstration.

4.                  Material should be ready. Preparation is must.

Advantages:

1.      Economical – one person demonstrate & others as observer.

2.      Foster better understanding

3.      Enhance comprehensive ability of students

2                                Observation:

Observation means to look at carefully. It is a important modern technique because it helps us understand the world around & predict things.. Subjective process because skill of observation differ from person to person. Based on principle of vision + analytical thinking. Based on principle of seeing.  It is said to be seed forany discovery or invention. Observation just not mean seeing, thinking but able to conclude(expressing)

3                                Discussion:

Discussion means to share, to discuss, to talk about scientific principles. Example Light & vision, functioning of eye. Mainly applied to sciences when topics are closed to life. Example pollution, deforestation etc. Discuss in small bits. Example ohm’s law – what is ohm’s law. Discuss & solve problems, balance reaction etc. Based on principle of sharing ideas & constant thinking.

Use with other teaching learning material. Frame questions for discussion. Fixed points of reference discussion

        

Participatroy Approach

Participatory Approach:

Emphasis on Participation of learners

Based on principle participation of learner

Role of a teacher: back stage co-ordinator. Teacher plan lesson so that students become autonomous

Approach: a way of teaching & learning. It provides direction to teach.

Methods of teaching are based on approaches. Techniques are based on methods. Processes of teaching are based on methods. Skills of teaching are also based on methods. Some of the methods of teaching have roots in the participatory approach. Methods will actually give procedure to teach.

Principles of Participatory Approach:

1.                  Principle of Activity:

-         time oriented

-         For students

-         Plan in the form of task

-         Goal oriented

-         Students should be active learner

-         Students should learn through activity

-         Task should be given like scrapbook making, models, worksheets, read & review, discussion, demonstration, charts etc.

2.                  Principle of learner autonomy:

-         Freedom to learn

-         Communication, creativity and critical thinking develops

-         Nature of classroom will be virtually non-formal.

3.                  Principle of constructivity:

-         To learn & explore the knowledge

-         Freedom to explore

-         Freedom to construct information

-         Students will build information

-         Freedom to develop skills

4. Principle of utility & reality:

Methods use are:

1.                  Laboratory method

2.                  Project Method

3.                  Problem Solving Method

4.                  Assignment Method

5.                  Group discussion Method

Practical part only can be taught using participatory approach. Real things, day to day life things, things which can be feel, practical based on task can be taught.

Advantages of Participatory Approach:

1.                  Learner Centered approach.

2.                  Constructing knowledge

3.                  Learner autonomy

4.                  Elation learning (Fun)

5.                  Learning without burden

Disadvantages of Participatory Approach:]

1.                  Classroom management disturbs

2.                  Very time consuming

        

Process Skills in teaching Science

Process skills for teaching Science:

Controlling variable

Observation

Communication

Hypothesis

Inference

Prediction

Measurement

Classification

Experimentation

What is Observation?

THINK ...  Does observation mean  looking at…./ seeing… ?

e.g. Observe a book or observe the girl riding a bicycle

•       Fundamental skill - Qualitative and quantitative observations

•        Includes the 5 senses

•        Observation also means to express the result of observing –data or facts

•        Hence, Observation is an objective process of gathering data through the use of one's senses applied in an analytical way.

•       However, observations can also be subjective.

Task for teachers : Is the statement below an observation ?

•          John is a bad boy

John exhibits behavior that we characterize as bad. The behavior  is an observation

What is Measurement?

THINK

            Which of these are measurements in science?

    The distance between A and B is 5 meters

    There is 50 kg of sugar in the bag

    He has five sticks in his hand

    Rahul has few sweets in his hand whereas Kumar has many

    She got A grade in her first examination

    The HCl in Bottle1 is of LR grade

•       Measurement is an observation made more specific by comparing some attribute of a system to a standard of reference.

•       The nature of this process entails the description of some system attribute by comparison to a standard of reference.

What is Classification

 THINK           Look at the volcanoes…. Are they same?

            What are the similarities and differences?

•       We need to classify because the world is full of similarities as well as diffrences!

•       Classification is the process of grouping objects on the basis of observable traits.

•       The nature of the skill of classification is two fold. First, one must be able to identify traits and, second, one must select traits that express the deeper essence of the system.

  

•       Example:          Rocks and Minerals  

                                    Metals, Non metals and Metalloids

                                    Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores

What is Communication?

•         This process actually refers to a group of skills, all of which represent some form of systematic reporting of data.

•         The most common examples include data display tables, charts and graphs.

What is Inferring?

It is raining.  Why is it raining today?

•       Inferring is an inventive process in which an assumption of cause is generated to explain an observed event. This is a very common function and is influenced by culture and personal theories of nature.

•       The nature of this process is inventive within the parameters of cosmology and culture.

What is Prediction?

Can you tell me…

Why there is no reaction?

I’m Trying to observe some similarities

have cold and cough

since long

The doctor say it could be…

•       This process deals with projecting events based upon a body of information.

•       A guess is not a prediction

•       The nature of the skill of predicting is to be able to identify a trend in a body of data and then to project that trend in a way that can be tested.

Creating Scientists in Classrooms!!

1.                  Questions

2.                  Obesrvations

3.                  Communication

4.                  Thinking

Critical

Creative

Analytical

5.                  PRACTICE - CONSISTENCY

6.                  INTEGRATING SUBJECTS

7.                  ANALYSIS, INTERPRETAION , CONCLUSION

8.                  REASONING

9.                  READING

10.              EXPLORING

Nature of Science

 NATURE OF SCIENCE:-

1.                  Developing & fostering scientific attitude

2.                  Developing scientific temper

3.                  Develops values of open mindedness, intellectual, honesty etc.

4.                  Builds self confidence

5.                  provides training in scientific method

6.                  studies nonliving things, material & substances

7.                  explains the natural phenomenon on the basis of laws of nature

8.                  studies composition of various substances

9.                  use for product and processes

10.              adapts scientific method

11.              search for truth

12.              Develops knowledge for cultural development

13.              Use dor dynamic research

14.              honest and reliable

Characteristics of  Teaching Aids /Audio – Visual Aids:

1.                 Reduces verbalism

2.                 Develops imaginative thinking power

3.                 Imparts knowledge through experience

4.                 Learn to use apparatus

5.                 Knowledge imparted through narration

6.                 Save time & interest increases

7.                 Give flow of thoughts

8.                 Useful & proper teaching

9.                 Active Learning

10.            Scientific attitude develops

11.            Self working

12.            Develops curiosity

13.            See things apparently

14.            Comparative study can be done

15.            Learning & understanding becomes permanent

Objectives of Teaching Aids / AV aids

1. To develop lesson & create interests
2. To impart factual knowledge
3. To improve power of retention
4. To make students active
5. To develop interest towards learning
6. To impart education according to their capabilities
7. To develop material which is easy clear and understood
8. To make learning process child centered
9. To develop power of observation
10. To make inanimate objects animate

Television:

1. Combines the features of radio with that of a film
2. Good mode of recreation
3. Termed as ‘ Electronic black board of the future”.
4. To meet the dearth of qualified teachers & equipped laboratory
5. Period should be allotted in the school for watching program relay by doordarshan Kendra